Will No One Rid Me of This Turbulent Priest?
Today marks the anniversary of the
murder in 1170 of Saint Thomas Becket.
This murder has always been the most serious stain upon the reign of
King Henry II
Of Norman descent (the movie Becket
inaccurately has Henry referring to Becket as a Saxon), Becket rose to be
appointed Lord Chancellor of England.
While Chancellor Henry nominated Becket (who at this time was not a
priest) to the position of Archbishop of Canterbury, clearly hoping that Becket
would use his power as primate of England to mold ecclesiastical policy in
favor of royal interests. Becket failed
to do so, rather becoming an ascetic and placing the interests of the Church
over those of the crown. Eventually he
was forced to resign as Lord Chancellor.
The contest of wills between Henry
and Becket over the Constitutions of Clarendon, they seeking to increase the
power of the civil state over the Church and its constituents, led to a final
break in the relationship, with Becket even fleeing England for France. Eventually he would return to Canterbury.
While in France and likely well
into his cups, Henry made a statement (exactly what was said is lost to history
– there are conflicting accounts) that was interpreted by four knights as a
direction to kill Becket. They crossed
the Channel and challenged Becket in Canterbury Cathedral, there killing
him. Becket was canonized barely three
years later, and the four assassins were excommunicated and ordered to go on
pilgrimage to the Holy Land (at least one of them thereafter became a
Templar). Henry would later do public
penance at Becket’s shrine in Canterbury Cathedral.
There is a passing reference to
Becket in The Lion in Winter.